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Bulletin No, 41 ding June 24, 1922. 
M. M. LEIGHTON 
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANTA 


DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS 
James F, Woodward, Secretary 


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BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
George H. Ashley, State Geologist 


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COAL BEDS IN ELk COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA 


By 
ve Der bisler 


Introduction. 


Elk County is the largest producer of bituminous coal in 
northern Pennsylvania, and in 1918 stood seventeenth among all bitu- 
Minous coal producing counties in Pennsylvania. In that year 
968 , 868 tons: were produced, valued at $2,767,131; 922,401 tons; 
valued at $2,637,336, were loaded at the mines for shipment: 24. , 663 
tons, valued at $70, 010, were sold to local trade and used by emp loy- 
ees; "21 , 3804, valued at $59 , 785 were used at the mines for steam and 
heat. None ‘of the coal was made into coke at the mines. 


There are ten mineable coal beds in Elk County. The Lower 
Kittanning (Dagus) coal is the most important, and the Clarion 
(Clermont) ranks second. The aur naand are locally of value, but are 
seldom mined for Shipping coal, 


Elk County is bounded on the north by McXNean County, on the east 
by Cameron County, on the south by Clearfield and Jefferson counties, 
and on the west by Forest County. Its area is-781 square miles; its 
greatest width from-east to west is 43.5 miles, and from north to 
South is 29 miles. Its population in 1920 was 34,981. 


Elk County is well served by railroads. The Pennsylvania Rail- 
road crosses the county from north to south and east to west, and 
follows Bennetts Branch across the southeast corner. The Buffalo and 
‘Susquehanna also follows Bennetts Branch across this corner of the 
county. The Pittsburgh, Shawmut and Northern HKailroad crosses the 
eastern part of the county from north to south, has‘a few miles of 
track between Irwintown and Croyland, also branches, and trackage 
rights on Werts of the Erie Railroad. The Buffalo, Rochester and 


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Pittsburgh Railroad from Clerion Junction to the southwest boundary : 
and the Erie Railroad from Clarion Junction to the northerm boundary 
mike & conZinuovs line across the county and use each others tracks. 
The Erie Raiilrord also has 2 few miles of track on Little Toby Creek 
in the south central part of the county. 


STRUCTURE. 





The coal~bearing rocks of Elk County lie nearly flat, capping 
the plateau along.the axis of four minor synclines. The first of 
these structural basins follows Bennetts Branch of the Susquehanna 
near Caiedonia and Benezette; the second passes through Shewmut and 
Brockyort and extends along Little Toby and Hlk Creeks; the third 
lies near lake City, Ridgway, and St. Moran and continves northeast; 
the fourth follows the same general direction through Spring Creek, 
summit and Highland. A considerable area of coal is preserved in 
these shellow basins, particulariy the coals in the lower Allegheny 
and Povtsvilie formations. 





Phe outcropping consolidated rocks of Blk County are the Alle- 
Bheny, Pottsville end Mouch Chunk fermeations of Carboniferous age, 
and the Poc3nce and Catskill formations of Devenian gc. 


The Allegheny formation is composed of massive sandstones, 
Shales, limestones, clays, and several coal beds. 


The Pottsville formation is composed of massive sandstones, a 
few peer = and three ‘unimportant coal beds, 


The Mauch Chunk, Pocono and Catskill formations are composed of 
Sandstone and shale, and are not coal bearing. 


COAL BEDS. 


Pottsville coals. Three coal beds in the Pottsville formation, 
approximately at the hcrizon of the Mercer coals, are knowm locally 
as the "Alton coals." Although these beds are generally thin, and 
high in ash and ee peg in some places they are thick enough to be 
mine d. ; 


One of these beds is locally 3 feet thick on Canal Run, but is 
high in sulphur and ash, On Sterling Run and its branches the Alton 
coals have been opened; the upper one is reported 3 feet 8 inches ~ 
thick end very high in sulphur; the middle co2zl is 18 inches thick, 
and He lower, 3 feet. 


ne At ot. Marys the upper coal is 2 feet 7 inches thot: and the 
lower one 3 feet thick. They are full of bone md pyrite. The se 
coals were once opened northwest of St. Marys, They average less 
then < feet thick, and are dirty, 


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The Alton coals have been opened on Spring Run, north of 
Benezette, where the upper coal is about 2 feet 9 inches thick. On 
Antens Run both the upper and lower Alton coals range from 2 to 4 
feet thick. Their quality is very poor, 


In Jay township the middle Alton coal is locally 3 feet 10 
inches thick, and is good clean coal. It has been mined on Spring 
Run and near Weedville, 


In: Fox township the upper Alton coal is divided into three 
benches, 14, 18 and 20 inches thick, by partings about 3 inches thick, 
The lower coal is separated into two benches 20 and 15 inches thick 
by a shale parting 2 to 3 inches thick. The upper bench is the 
better coal. Along Laurel Run the upper coal is 2 feet 6 inches 
thick, and the lower one 3 feet thick, 


In Jones, Ridgway and Spring Creek townships the upper Alton 
coal is locally 3 feet thick and the lower, 3 feet 6 inches thick, 


In the vicinity of Montmorency these coals are from 3 to 4 feet 
thick, and are parted by numerous bands of bone coal. . In Spring . 
Creek tcwnship the upper Altcn coal is locally 4 feet 5 inches thicx, 
and is parted into two benches by 4 inches of shnle, 8 inches above 
the bovtom. : On top cf these benches is 2 bony bench 18 inches thick. 
The lower-Alton ccal has good quality and is 2 feet thick. It is 
capped by 2 feet of shnle and bony cool.. 


“These coals are extremely high in ash and sulphur, and at 
present are worked only for local fuel, It is doubtful if they will 
ever be important as shipping coals, 


Clermont coal, A coal lying directly above the Pottsville sand- 
-Stone or separated from it by a few feet of shale, was correlated as 
She Clarion coal by the Second Geological Survey: There is reason to 
. believe that this bed may be the Brookville coal, and until further 
~ detailed work is done in this region, its correlation will be un- 

- certain, 


This bed, lying about 80:feet below the Lower Kittanning and 
locally 5 feet 6 inches thick, is one of the important coals in the 
county. Its quality is variable but generally the coal is rather 
high in esh and sulphur, 


In Benezette and Jay townships the Clermont coal ranges from e@ 
Yeet to 5 feet 3 inches thick, Where thickest it generally carries 
several thin bone partings. It has been mined in meny places for 
local use. 


This coal has been mined extensively in‘Benzinger township. In 
the vi¢inity of St. Marys it is 3 feet thick, including 6 inches of 
hone. coal, & inches from the top. The coal is high in ash ands 
sulphur. 


The Clermont bed@ is less than 2 feet thick in the northern and 
western townships. It has also been eroded in large areas. 


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Lower Kittanning ("B", Dagus) coal. The Lower Kittanning is 
the most important and extensively mined coal in Elk County, form- 


ing fully 90 per cent of the production. It ranges from 2 to 5 feet’ 
thick, averaging about 3 feet. 


The Lower Kittanning is mined extensively on Bennetts Branch in 
Benezette and Jay townships. It ranges from 2 feet 6 inches to 3 
feet 4 inches thick, averaging 2 feet 10 inches. In some places the 
coal is clean, but generally it carries many streaks of bone and 
pyrite. It is 2 feet 10 inches thick at Dents Run, and 3 feet 4 
inches at Benezette; at Averyville 3 feet 2 inches, including 2 6 
inch binder of black slate, 8 inches from the top. It is 3 feet 2 
inches thick at Weedville. At Tyler, Force and Major the coal is 


persistently 3 feet 4 inches thick, including 4 inches of bony coal 


at the top. . 


The Lower Kittanning is mined extensively at Kersey, Dagus and 
Toby Mines in Fox township. It ranges from 2 feet 6 inches to 3 
feet 6 inches thick, averaging about 3 feet. It carries a"sulphur 
binder" 4 inch thick, 2 feet above the bottom, 


The Lower Kittanning is mined on the Pittsburgh, Shewnut and 
Northern, sd the Erie Railroads in Horton township. It is 3 feet 2 
inches thick at Brandy Camp, not including a top bony bench from 2 
to 6 inches thick. It is 2 feet 10 inches thick at Cuneo, and 3 feet 
thick at Elbon. The coal is free from partings and binders, but 
leecally carries 2 few inches of bone at the top. 


In Benzinger township the Lower Kittanning co2zl ranges from 2 
feet 10 inches to 3 feet 6 inches thick, but is high in sulphur and 
ash, 


In Jones, Ridgway and Spring Creek townships the coal ranges 
from 2 feet to 3 feet 2 inches thick. The coal is high in sulphur, 
and roof rolls makes mining uncertain. , 


The Lower Kittanning coal ig soft, but mkes fair sized lumps 
when properly mined. It has a bright lustre and imperfect cubical 
Cleavage. It averages about 31 per cent volatile matter, Si per 
cent Zixed carbon, 7 per cent ash, and 2.5 per cent sulphur. 


Middle Kittanning ("C") coal. This bed, lying about 50 feet 
above the Lower Kittanning; is thin and unimportant in Elk County. 
It ig locally 3 feet thick, but avetsges less than 12 inches, 


. Upper Kittanning (0 4) coal. The Upper Kittanning coal, 
lying about 40 feet above the Middle Kittanning conl, is a thin seam 


averaging about 9 inches thi¢k. It is entirely lacking in large 
areas, and has never heen opened, 


Lower Freeport ("D") coal. The Lower Freeport eoal is every- 
where thin and unimportant in the county, except in the northeastern 
extension of the Reynoldsville basin in Horton and Fox townships, 
Here it is 3 feet to 4 feet 6 inches thick, and is generally without 


partings or binders, 


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above the Lower Freeport, has been largely eroded, being present 
only as isolated patehes in the hills in the southern part of the 
county. It is usually a thick bed, locally measuring 6 feet, but 
eee. occurring in two 3-foot benches, separated by 6 to 20 feet 
OF shale, 


